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Information about the Agricultural Production Census 2002 |
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Availability
| Valid From: .. | 07/01/2002 |
| To: .. | Ongoing |
| Frequency: .. | Five-Yearly |
Design
Purpose:
| Key Objectives: | |
- The development and maintenance of a list of farming businesses to be used as the population frame for future agriculture surveys and
- To collect and disseminate up-to-date, robust agricultural statistics on livestock, cropping, horticultural and forestry activity in New Zealand.
- The two main objectives of the Agricultural Production Census are
Key uses:
The major uses of the information are :
- to meet the forecasting, external reporting and policy development requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry. Key data items are total
- grazing land
- arable crop land, fodder cop land & fallow land
- tussock & danthonia used for grazing
- horticulture land
- planted production forest
- mature native bush
- native scrub & regenerating native bush
- other land
- land
- ewes (2 tooth & over) put to ram
- ewe hoggets put to ram
- breeding sows (1 year old & over)
- beef cows & heifers (breeding) (over 2 years old)
- beef cows & heifers (breeding) (1-2 years old)
- dairy cows & heifers (over 1 year) in milk or in calf
- female deer mated
- eggs sold
- broiler chickens
- to meet the requirements of Statistics New Zealand for production volume measures suitable for use as a component of GDP. Key data items are total land, total sheep numbers, total dairy cattle numbers, total deer numbers, total beef numbers, area of horticultural production (by crop type). For such use accurate benchmark data is required every five years without revision. In inter-censal years accurate estimates of level and movement are required without revision.
- bio-security and pest and disease management applications. For example, if a foot and mouth outbreak were reported in a given locality MAF need to be able to assess the likely impact based on an up to date knowledge of land use and farm type in the area at risk. Key data items are total land, total sheep numbers, total dairy cattle numbers, total beef numbers, total deer numbers, area of horticultural production (by crop type). For such use accurate benchmark data is required every five years without revision. In inter-censal years accurate estimates of level and movement are required without revision.
- to enable MAF to meet the information and reporting requirements of the United Nations Climate Change Convention and the Kyoto Protocol in respect of climate change reporting. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be understood in the context of local geography, type of farming activity, and land use. MAF have very sophisticated emission models that take account of detailed local variations in stock type, climate, land cover, vegetation type etc, so that input data must be detailed rather than generic. Detailed, auditable information is required to be reported internationally every 5 years with the first report due in 2003.This information will come under intense international scrutiny & this combined with the high level of expenditure as well as political considerations require accurate benchmark data every five years without revision. In inter-censal years accurate estimates of level and movement are required without revision. Key data items are total land, total planted production forest, total sheep numbers, total dairy cattle numbers, total beef numbers, total deer numbers, area of horticultural production (by crop type).
More detailed information on the information needs of the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry, required in order to meet their forecasting, external reporting and policy development requirements, and how the information collected meets those needs is included in
(N.B. The sample errors requested relate to inter-censal surveys and are not relevant here).
General Information ..Target Population
The target population for the 2002 Agricultural Production Census was all units that were engaged in "agricultural production activity" (including livestock, cropping, horticulture and forestry) with the intention of selling that production and / or which owned land that was intended for agricultural activity during the year ended 30 June 2002. The target population also includes businesses & persons commonly referred to as “lifestylers” engaged in agricultural production activity.
In terms of the Australia and New Zealand Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), the target population is taken from A01 - Agriculture and A0301 - Forestry (excluding native forestry). Parts of L771290 - Idle land, L781000 - agriculture related research that involves land holding (excl. Universities), N843100 - agriculture related research undertaken by Universities that involves land holding and P931120 - racehorse training and racing stables operation were also included. The target population excluded A015930 - Beekeeping, and part of A015990 (worm farming, pet breeding, dog breeding, cat breeding, bird breeding (except poultry, game birds and ostriches)).
Population covered
The survey population for the 2002 Agricultural Production Census was all units that were identified on Statistics New Zealand's Business Frame or the Inland Revenue Department's (IRD) Client Register as being engaged in agricultural activity. The Business Frame is a list of businesses in New Zealand based on firms registered for Goods and Services Tax (GST) with the Inland Revenue Department while the Client Register consists of all businesses registered with that department. In addition, the population was supplemented with information from 'AgriBase' (a national database maintained by AgriQuality New Zealand Ltd), previous agricultural surveys and lists from industry sources. This composite frame was used to ensure a comprehensive coverage of agricultural activity in New Zealand was achieved.
The population for the Agricultural Production Census 2002 included those “lifestylers” who were identifiable on IRD’s Client Register or SNZ’s Business Frame as being engaged in in-scope agricultural activity. Statistics NZ has not included in the survey population “Lifestylers” engaged in agricultural activity if they could not be identified on either the Client Register or the Business Frame.
Statistical Unit
The statistical unit used was the Kind of Activity (KAU) unit.
Selection Unit
No selection unit was used as the survey was fully enumerated.
Collection Unit
The statistical unit used was the Kind of Activity (KAU) unit.
Under Coverage
“Lifestylers” engaged in agricultural activity which could not be identified on either the Client Register or the Business Frame were not included in the survey population.
Population
The estimated population is 71,000 enterprises
AP/EP/01
. See PDL Version of questionnaire under "Output Variables."Output Variables
Output variables are pieces of individual information that can be extracted from the survey/output data. Often output variables can be cross tabulated with other output variables, for example sales by industry classification. The list below contains all current and past output variables which have been released for this survey/output.
Refer to the questionnaire . The only data which is not available is that which identifies an individual respondent or the persons they have
- sold land to
- bought or leased land from
these variables are
- Name
- Postal Address
- Location Address
Changes in Output Variables over time
Guide to Interpreting Data
Summary of Changes to Survey/Output ..Chronology
Up to and including the season 1908-09, agricultural and pastoral statistics were collected annually by sub-enumerators appointed by the Department of Agriculture. In the season 1909-10 information was collected for the principal crops only. A full detailed collection was made for the 1910-11 season in conjunction with the Population Census of 1911. From then to 1914-15 no complete collection was made, and the postal collection was found in some respects to be unsatisfactory. From 1916 until 1930 the actual collection of the agricultural and pastoral statistics schedules was carried out annually through the police organisation. The system required officers in charge of police stations to obtain all necessary particulars by a personal canvass of occupiers of holdings of one acre or over located outside boroughs.
In 1931 it was decided, for reasons of economy, to dispense with the assistance of the police organisation and so avoid the travelling and other expenses incidental to the personal canvass system. Instead, the statistics were obtained on questionnaires distributed through the post by the Census and Statistics Department. Although a considerable saving was effected in this way, various circumstances combined to create difficulties and delays in completing the work of compilation.
In 1932 a new system was adopted, representing a combination of both the postal and the personal-canvass systems. The services of the police organisation were requisitioned to this end, it being realised that the local knowledge of police officers in reference to changes in occupancy, etc., as well as their proximity to occupiers within their respective districts was a valuable asset in securing returns
In 1950, a special Census of Agriculture was conducted as part of the World Census of Agriculture. A considerably wider scope was covered in this special census than in the normal annual collection. In particular, a comprehensive examination of farm machinery was undertaken for the first time, while, again, an analysis of farm population and employment was made. In order to carry out such a detailed collection it became necessary to revert to the system in operation up to 1930, whereby particulars were obtained by a personal canvass of occupiers.
Commencing with 1952-53, Agriculture Statistics were collected using a sample of approximately 12,000 farms, instead of a full collection of 90,000 farms. This was a postal survey. However, this method of surveying farmers ceased after the 1954-55 survey year.
From 1955-56 until 1987 a full postal census was conducted annually. Full censuses were also conducted in 1990 and 1994. Between 1987 and 1996 sample surveys of agriculture production were conducted in the years between censuses. There were no surveys of agriculture production in 1997 and 1998. A sample survey of farms predominantly involved in livestock farming was conducted in 1999. In 2000 a full coverage survey of all farms involved in horticultural activity was conducted. There was no survey of agriculture production in 2001.
An agriculture census of farms involved in livestock, cropping, horticulture, cropping & forestry was conducted in 2002. This is the first in an ongoing programme of censuses & surveys being undertaken by Statistics New Zealand with the cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry.
Definition of a Farm
Since 1971, for the purposes of agricultural statistics, a farm has been defined as any area of land, irrespective of size or location, used for, or potentially usable for, commercial horticulture, vegetable growing, cropping, livestock or exotic forestry operations. Areas complying with the foregoing requirements, but used exclusively for industrial, residential, ornamental or pleasure purposes, are not regarded as farms unless they grazed livestock on 30 June or derived farming income from the land during the year. Prior to 1971, the definition was such that any area of land outside borough boundaries and meeting a standard minimum size was classifiable as a farm.
Classification
Data prior to 1994 included farms classified to NZSIC 93200 (Research & Education Farms) and NZSIC 94305 (Horse Training). These two groups were removed from the scope of the Agriculture Survey in 1994.
ANZSIC, NZSIC & Farm Type (see Farm Type Definitions)
- NZSIC to Farm Type classification is one-to-one in conversion.
- Recommend 4 digit NZSIC level, 5 digit level very detailed.
- ANZSICs are found from 1993 onwards.
- NZSICs 1980 to 1987 are inconsistent over time.
- Reduced survey in 1991, not all NZSICs are available.
- Reduced survey coverage in 1999 (Survey focused on Livestock and Cropping farmers)
- Reduced survey coverage in 2000 (Survey surveyed units involved in horticulture)
- Full coverage in 2002
Regional Data
The reorganisation of local government areas in 1989 involved a two tier system of districts or cities, and regional councils. This new structure replaced the previous counties and local government regions. The majority of the 75 districts and cities (also known as territorial authorities or TA's) are located within one of the 14 regional councils. However, 11 districts and cities fall within more than one regional council. From 1990 to 1992 the data for these 11 districts and cities in regionally analysed tables, has been included within the region in which it is predominantly located. Data for these 11 districts and cities from 1993 onwards is represented in the correct Regional Council area.
The 1996 agricultural standard tables showed the change from "territorial local authority" to "territorial authority".
Geographic Breakdown
1980 to 1990 areas:
County
Local Government Region
Regional Council (approximated from Counties)
1990 to 1996 areas:
Territorial Authority
Regional Council (approximated by TLAs 1990 to 1992, exact from 1993 onwards)
1999 areas:
Regional Council
Territorial Authority
Regional Council
Territorial Authority
2002 areas:
Regional Council
Territorial Authority
Usage and Limitations of the Data ..Before 1994 the agriculture population definition was defined as "all those activity units on the Statistics New Zealand's Business Directory that are engaged in horticulture, cropping, livestock farming or exotic forestry operations". In 1994 the population definition changed to "persons or businesses deemed to be engaged in a farming or forestry activity that were registered for GST". This resulted in a decline in the number of farms in scope and thus caution should be exercised when dealing with time series.
In the late 80's and early 90's, data on employment and indoor horticulture crops and flowers have been identified as having data quality issues - please refer to caveats. Generally horticulture production (tonnage) is not released due to data quality issues. Capital Expenditure is another area were data is generally not released due to quality issues.
In 1994 there was an Agriculture Production Census carried out - this means that unit record data is available for most linecodes. In 1995, 1996, 1999 & 2000 however, there were sample surveys, and thus unit record data is only available for those units sampled (weightings etc are applied to those sampled so as to estimate for the population). Therefore due to the nature of a sample survey, there is a limit to the kind of outputs that can be produced (this may impinge on ad-hoc requests).
For the 1995, 1996, 1999 & 2000 surveys, the agricultural standard tables were produced with two accompanying tables - one table outlining the sample error for each estimate in the standard table, the other table gives a quality guide (based on sample error, imputation and the level of instability). These are given to the client so that the client can gauge the quality/robustness of the estimated statistics.
Related Data Sources ..Publications:
Agriculture data can be dated back to 1861 (for a very limited number of items).
The publication called "Agriculture Statistics 19XX" is available from 1965 to 1996.
Agricultural data can also be found in the Statistics New Zealand Yearbooks.
From 1986 the publications contain less data. Standard tables were introduced, and these contain a wide variety of information.
There is an Agriculture Supermap Clip-on
Information is also available on the Statistics New Zealand website www.stats.govt.nz
Other Surveys which include some Agriculture information:
Annual Enterprise Survey (farm coverage since 1999)
Annual Business Frame Update (1998 only)
Various Price Indexes
Agriculture data is also collected by the following organisations:
The Economic Service
Fonterra
MAF
Quotable Value NZ (formerly Valuation NZ)
Sampling Errors ..Not applicable as this was a census.
Non-sampling errors These include biases in the patterns of response and non-response, inaccuracies in reporting by respondents, and errors in the recording and classification of data. Statistics New Zealand adopts procedures to detect and minimise these types of errors, but they may still occur and are not easy to quantify.
Caveats on Release ..Time Series Caveat
Users should be aware when conducting comparisons between years that the populations used in the censuses & surveys of agriculture production since 1994 differ from each other and from those prior to 1994.- Agricultural Production Census 2002 - The survey population for the was all units that were identified on Statistics New Zealand's Business Frame or the Inland Revenue Department's (IRD) Client Register as being engaged in agricultural activity (livestock, cropping, horticulture, cropping & forestry). The Business Frame is a list of businesses in New Zealand based on firms registered for Goods and Services Tax (GST) with the Inland Revenue Department while the Client Register consists of all businesses registered with that department. In addition, the population was supplemented with information from 'AgriBase' (a national database maintained by AgriQuality New Zealand Ltd), previous agricultural surveys and lists from industry sources. This composite frame was used to ensure a comprehensive coverage of agricultural activity in New Zealand was achieved.
The population for the Agricultural Production Census 2002 included those “lifestylers” who were identifiable on IRD’s Client Register or SNZ’s Business Frame as being engaged in in-scope agricultural activity. Statistics NZ has not included in the survey population “Lifestylers” engaged in agricultural activity if they could not be identified on either the Client Register or the Business Frame.
- Agriculture Production Survey 2000 (Horticulture) - The survey population for was all identifiable farming units that indicated horticultural activity, located on the Business Frame, with coverage supplemented with information from AgriBase and available grower lists.
- Agriculture Production Survey 1999 (Livestock and arable cropping) - The survey population was all units on AgriBase that were recorded as holding livestock and/or engaging in grain/arable cropping. The term 'livestock' includes AgriBase enterprises: beef cattle, bison, buffalo, dairy cattle, deer, emus, goats, ostriches, pigs, poultry, sheep and grazing other people's stock. The term 'grain/arable cropping' includes AgriBase enterprises: cereals, cropping and seeds. Farms with no enterprise data held on AgriBase are also included in the survey. Farms solely engaged in horticultural and forestry activities were excluded from the population.
- Agriculture Production Census 1994 & Surveys 1995 & 1996 - The survey population was all units on Statistics New Zealand's Business Frame that were registered for GST and classified to horticulture, grain and arable cropping, livestock farming, or exotic forestry operations.
- Prior to 1994, the population definition for agricultural production surveys was all units on Statistics New Zealand's Business Directory (whether registered for GST or not) that were classified to horticulture, grain and arable cropping, livestock farming, or exotic forestry operations.
A list of available variables is included below in the section "Output Variables".
Catalogue & Reference Numbers
| INFOS: |
The following tables will be available free of charge via the SNZ website www.stats.govt.nz
From the provisional release (21/2/2003) |
| Agriculture: |
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From the final release (28/5/2003) |
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| Horticulture |
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| Organics |
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| Farm Counts |
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| Dairy Cattle |
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| Calves born to dairy heifers/cows |
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| Beef Cattle |
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| Sheep |
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| Deer |
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| Pigs |
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| Poultry Bird and Eggs |
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| Other Livestock |
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| Grain and Arable |
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| Fertiliser: |
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| Apple sub-population |
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| Kiwifruit sub-population |
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Other Comments
Classification(s) used
Glossary of Terms
| Term | Description |
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| Age: | Established by dentition, that is the number of permanent teeth (incisors). Cattle at around 18 months old have two permanent teeth, around 2.5 years four teeth, 3.5 years six teeth and at four and older have eight teeth. Sheep get their first two permanent teeth at about 14 months of age. They become 4-tooths between the ages of two or three years, six tooths between three and four years, and have a full mouth, complete set of eight teeth at four years. |
| Arable: Bobby calf: | Capable of being ploughed, fit for tillage; opposed to pasture of wood-land. (Oxford dictionary) A milk-fed calf over four days old. |
| Buck: | Adult male goat (also billygoat). |
| Bull: | Entire (i.e. not castrated) male cattle. |
| Calf: | Young cattle of either sex between birth and weaning; with eight temporary teeth. Also sometimes refers to animals up to one year old. |
| Calving Percentage: | Calculation, either of calves weaned to number of cows mated, or of calves sold to cows mated. |
| Cow: | Mature female cattle beast of any age, but usually over 30 months. |
| Cryptorchid | A male sheep or cattle beast rendered inferior by removing the scrotum but not the testicles. |
| Doe: | Adult female goat (nanny). |
| Dry cow/ewe: | A female animal that did not produce offspring after mating. |
| EVAO: | Estimated Value of Agricultural Output. A value derived by SNZ from the results of the production survey. For every linecode an average yield and price for that year is established. A calculation is done at the end of each cycle whereby every positive linecode is multiplied by the price and yield to provide an estimated turnover for that particular variable. For each farm these values are summed to produce the EVAO. The farm type classification is derived from the EVAO value. |
| Ewe | A female sheep. |
| Farm Type: | (A classification based on the EVAO). A farm is assigned to a farm type when at least 51 percent of gross income is estimated to be derived from farm produce associated with that farm type. Farm type classifications are NZSIC (New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification) and ANZSIC (Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification). For example, any unit which derives 51 percent or more of its gross income from sheep is classified to the sheep farm type. |
| Finishing: | The process of adding body weight to animals, in muscle rather than fat, through careful stock management. |
| Flock | Group of sheep, angora or feral goats. |
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| Heifer: | Female cattle having no more than six permanent incisors. |
| Herbage: | Herbs collectively; herbaceous growth or vegetation; usually applied to grass and other low-growing plants covering a large extent of ground, esp. as used for pasture. |
| Herd | Group of cattle, horses, milking goats (and pigs and deer). |
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| Hogget: | A young male sheep or maiden ewe having no more than two permanent incisors in wear. |
| Kid: | Male or female goat under 12 months of age. |
| Lamb: | Sheep under 12 months of age or without any permanent teeth in wear. |
| Lambing percentage: | Number of lambs per ewe. |
| Mated Gilts: | Sows which are pregnant for the first time. |
| Mating | Putting the ram to the ewe or the bull to the cow. |
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| Ram: | Adult uncastrated male sheep having more than two permanent incisors in wear. |
| Runner | Young calf still with its mother. |
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| Schedule: | Basic minimum price paid to a farmer by a meat processing company. Based on categories of stock. Usually announced weekly. Variable premiums can apply for particular groups at certain times. |
| Silage: | Pasture crops stored as they are preserved in a fermented state. |
| Steer: | Male cattle castrated when young. Does not develop secondary sexual characteristics (eg large shoulders) or masculine temperament. |
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| Stock unit (SU) or Livestock unit (LSU): | Also referred to as ewe equivalent (EE). It is the feed requirement used as the basis of comparison for different classes and species of stock. It expresses the annual feed requirements, equivalent to one 55 kg ewe rearing a single lamb. 1 LSU requires approximately 520 kg of good quality pasture dry matter per year. For example, 1 hogget = 0.7 LSU; 1 Jersey cow = 6.5 LSU; 1 mature Red Deer stag = 1.5-2.0 LSU. |
| Stocking Rate: | The number of animals carried or run on a defined area of land. May be called carrying capacity. Expressed in stock units. |
| Two-tooth: | Sheep with two teeth (one year old). Age of first mating. |
| Vealer: | Cattle up to 14 months of age: maiden females, castrated males and entire males not showing masculine characteristics. |
| Weaner: | Animal making the transition from all-milk diet to grazing. Usually 3-4 months for sheep and 4-6 months for beef calves. |
| Wether: | A castrated male sheep. |
| Yearling: | Cattle beast about a year old, usually with 2 permanent teeth. Popular purchase age for finishing cattle. |
Contact Details
| Customer Service E-mail Contact: | info@stats.govt.nz |
| |
| Survey Enquiries E-mail Contact: | adrian.cheung@stats.govt.nz |
Liability
Statistics New Zealand gives no warranty that the information or data supplied contains no errors. However, all care and diligence has been used in processing, analysing and extracting the information. Statistics New Zealand shall not be liable for any loss or damage suffered by the customer consequent upon the use directly, or indirectly, of the information supplied in this product.