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| Information about the Tourism Satellite Account |
Availability
| Valid From: .. | |
| To: .. | Ongoing |
| Frequency: .. | Irregularly |
Design
Purpose: Tourism plays a significant role in the New Zealand economy in terms of the production of goods and services and the creation of employment opportunities.
Tourism, unlike 'conventional' industries such as agriculture or manufacturing, which are classified in accordance with the goods and services they produce, is defined by the characteristics of the customer demanding tourism products. As such, tourism products can cut across standard industry definitions, and alternative measurement systems are needed.
A tourism satellite account (TSA) is used to measure the economic contribution of tourism to gross domestic product (GDP) and to provide analysis of the New Zealand tourism industry. The emphasis in a TSA is on measurement of expenditure in New Zealand by resident and non-resident tourists, and on the size of the tourism industry, including its contribution to GDP and employment.
Input-output tables, which give a detailed picture of the economy broken down by industry, product, primary input and final demand category, provide the starting point for deriving final accounts. Provisional accounts are prepared using fewer, or less detailed, data sources than are used to compile final accounts. The main difference between provisional and final accounts is the absence of underlying input-output tables.
The New Zealand tourism satellite accounts, developed in line with guidelines published by the World Tourism Organisation and approved by the United Nations Statistical Commision, are part of an ongoing programme funded by the Ministry of Tourism to enhance the understanding of the role that tourism plays in New Zealand.
As balanced input-output tables are completed for the relevant years, the ongoing TSA programme will replace provisional estimates with final accounts.
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The ongoing TSA programme produces
- provisional estimates in March to June,
- final accounts in December as balanced input-output tables are completed for the relevant years.
Outputs include:
- Value added of tourism characteristic and tourism related industries
- Direct tourism value added as a proportion of total industry value added
- The tourism component (tourism ratio) of the value added of major tourism related industries (e.g. accommodation, transport)
- The full range of industries to directly benefit from tourism demand.
- The total (direct and indirect ) value added generated per dollar of tourist demand.
- Total tourism expenditure by overseas visitors, domestic travellers and business/government travellers
- Wages and operating surplus resulting from direct tourism demand
- Tourism expenditure by product type
- Employment resulting from direct and indirect tourism demand
- Investment in tourism characteristic industries
Output Variables
Output variables are pieces of individual information that can be extracted from the survey/output data. Often output variables can be cross tabulated with other output variables, for example sales by industry classification. The list below contains all current and past output variables which have been released for this survey/output.
| Variable Name | Description |
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| Tourism Expenditure | This is the expenditure made by, or on behalf of, the tourist before, during and after the trip and which expenditure is related to that trip and which trip is undertaken outside the usual environment of the tourist. This expenditure includes GST. Tourism expenditure is broken down into expenditure by the following types of tourist: |
| International Tourism Expenditure | Tourism expenditure by international visitors to New Zealand. |
| Household Tourism Expenditure | Tourism expenditure by New Zealand households. |
| Business Tourism Expenditure | Employment-related tourism expenditure undertaken by employees and paid for by their (private business) employer. |
| Government Tourism Expenditure | Employment-related tourism expenditure undertaken by employees and paid for by their (government) employer. |
| Direct Tourism Demand | Tourism expenditure, exclusive of GST. Direct tourism demand by type of tourist is broken down into the following tourism specific (i.e. tourism characteristic and tourism related) products: |
| Tourism Characteristic Products | |
| Accommodation | Hotel and other lodging services. |
| Food and Beverage Serving services | Takings from meals (including takeaway meals), beverage serving services for consumption on the premises. |
| Rail Passenger Transport | Passenger transportation by rail. |
| Road Passenger Transport | Bus and taxi passenger transport, other unscheduled road passenger services. |
| Water Passenger Transport | Passenger transport by international and coastal sea-going vessels and inland water passenger transport. |
| Air Passenger Transport | Scheduled and unscheduled air passenger transport. Rental services of aircraft with operator. |
| Travel Agency and Tour Operator services | Booking services, ticket selling, tour operation. |
| Motor vehicle hire or rental | Hiring of cars, trucks, buses and campervans. |
| Imputed rental on holiday homes | Imputed rental on second homes used only (or partly) by the owner. These may be made available to third parties for holidays, leisure and business activities. |
| Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural services | Libraries, archives, museums, zoos, nature reserves. |
| Other sport and recreation services | Recreational parks and gardens, services to the arts, horse and dog racing, golf course operation, swimming pools, ski-fields and other recreation services. |
| Tourism Related Products | |
| Retail Sales – Alcohol | Alcoholic beverages purchased from liquor stores, supermarkets and other retail outlets. |
| Retail Sales – Clothing and Footwear | Articles of clothing and footwear. |
| Retail Sales – Food, beverages, tobacco and other groceries | Food, beverages, tobacco and other groceries. |
| Retail Sales – Fuel and other automotive products | Petrol, diesel, motor oils. |
| Retail Sales – Retail medicines, toiletries | Toiletries, cosmetics, medicines. |
| Retail Sales – Tourism Consumer Durables | Tents, sleeping bags, luggage, skiing equipment, climbing/tramping equipment, diving equipment, motor vehicles, pleasure and sporting boats. |
| Financial services | Issuing and negotiating foreign cash and non trade financial instruments. |
| General insurance (incl. Travel insurance) | Travel insurance, other general insurance. |
| Social and Health Related services | Health and medical services, and social services. |
| Gambling services | Gambling at the casino, other gambling services. |
| Other Tourism Related services | Telecommunications, postal and courier services and other tourism products n.e.c. |
| Other personal services | Laundry services, film processing, hairdressing and beauty services. |
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| Tourism Output | Equals direct tourism demand, less imported goods sold to tourists by retailers. Is split into ANZIND96 industries and tourism specific products. |
| Direct Tourism Value Added | This is the value added by producers from the production of goods and services directly sold to tourists. This results in a measure of the contribution of tourism to GDP, which is consistent with that measured for other industries in the economy. Direct tourism value added is split up into a number of components: |
| Tourism Compensation of Employees | Salaries and wages paid to employees working on the production of goods and services sold to tourists. |
| Tourism Gross Operating Surplus | Gross operating surplus on products sold to tourists. |
| Tourism Taxes on Production and Imports | Taxes on production and imports payable on products sold to tourists. |
| Tourism Subsidies | Subsidies received on products sold to tourists. |
| Direct Tourism Employment | Numbers of full-time equivalent persons engaged in producing goods and services sold to tourists. |
| Tourism Intermediate Consumption | Equals tourism gross output minus direct tourism value added. |
| Indirect Tourism Demand | Equals tourism intermediate consumption. |
| Indirect Effects of Tourism | Measure of the flow-on effect resulting from indirect tourism demand. |
| Indirect Tourism Value Added | The total value added resulting from indirect tourism demand. |
| Indirect Tourism Employment | Employment resulting from indirect tourism demand. |
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Changes in Output Variables over time
Guide to Interpreting Data
Summary of Changes to Survey/Output ..
Usage and Limitations of the Data ..
Related Data Sources ..New Zealand System of National Accounts
Tourism Satellite Account 1995, 1997-1999
Balance of Payments
International Visitors Survey
New Zealand Domestic Travel Studies
Sampling Errors ..
Non-sampling errors
Caveats on Release ..
Catalogue & Reference Numbers
Other Comments
Classification(s) used
Glossary of Terms
| Variable Name | Description | |
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| Tourist | Any person travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for less than 12 months for leisure, business and other purposes, whose main purpose of trip is not the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.
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| Domestic Tourist | A New Zealand resident who travels within New Zealand outside their usual environment. While travelling, they do not stay in any one place for more than twelve months. | |
| International Tourist | A person who travels to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, and outside their usual environment. While travelling, they do not stay in any one place for more than twelve months. | |
| Usual Environment | The place(s) a person occupies within his or her regular routine of life (excepting places only visited for leisure or recreational activities). | |
| Tourism Expenditure | The expenditure made by, or on behalf of, the tourist before, during and after the trip and which expenditure is related to that trip and which trip is undertaken outside the usual environment of the tourist. This expenditure includes GST. | |
| Direct Tourism Demand | The GST-exclusive expenditure made by, or on behalf of, the tourist before, during and after the trip and which expenditure is related to that trip and which trip is undertaken outside the usual environment of the tourist. In other words, direct tourism demand is equivalent to tourism expenditure, excluding GST. | |
| Indirect Tourism Demand | The value of intermediate inputs used in the production of goods and services sold to tourists. | |
| Tourism Product Ratio | Represents the proportion of the supply of a product purchased by tourists. | |
| Tourism Characteristic Product | A product that would cease to exist in meaningful quantity, or for which the level of consumption would be significantly reduced, in the absence of tourists. In the TSA a tourism characteristic product has a tourism product ratio greater than or equal to 0.25. | |
| Tourism Related Product | A product for which tourists purchase between 0 and 25 percent of its production (i.e. a tourism related product has a tourism product ratio that is greater than 0 and less than 0.25). | |
| Tourism Specific Product | Either a tourism characteristic product or a tourism related product. | |
| Non-tourism Related Product | A product that is not a tourism specific product. | |
| Industry | A grouping of economic units (e.g. firms) that produce the same type of products (goods and or services). | |
| Tourism Industry Ratio | A tourism industry ratio is the proportion of that industry's output consumed by tourists. | |
| Tourism Characteristic Industry | An industry that meets the following criteria:
- At least 25 percent of the industry's output is purchased by tourists (i.e. the tourism industry ratio is greater than or equal to 0.25); or
- The industry's characteristic output includes a tourism characteristic product.
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| Tourism Related Industry | An industry where:
- The industry is not a tourism characteristic industry; and
- Between 5 percent and 25 percent of the industry's output is purchased by tourists (i.e. the tourism industry ratio is greater than 0.05 and less than 0.25); and
- A direct physical contact occurs between the industry and the tourist buying its products (hence manufacturing and wholesaling industries are not tourism related industries).
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| Non-tourism Specific Industry | An industry that is not a tourism characteristic industry or a tourism related industry. Note that a non-tourism specific industry may still sell some of its products to tourists. | |
| Direct Tourism Value Added | The value added by producers from the production of goods and services directly sold to tourists. This results in a measure of the contribution of tourism to GDP, which is consistent with that measured for other industries in the economy. | |
| Indirect Tourism Value Added | The total value added resulting from indirect tourism demand. Indirect tourism value added equals indirect tourism demand minus imports used in production of goods sold to tourists. | |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | The total market value of goods and services produced in New Zealand after deducting the cost of goods and services utilised in the process of production, but before deducting allowances for the consumption of fixed capital. | |
| Compensation Of Employees | Total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by enterprises to employees. Includes contributions paid on employees’ behalf to superannuation funds, private pension schemes, the Accident Compensation Corporation, casualty and life insurance schemes, and other fringe benefits. | |
| Exports Of Goods And Services | All goods and services produced by New Zealand residents and purchased by non-residents. | |
| Gross Fixed Capital Formation. | The total value of a producer’s purchases, less disposals, of durable real assets, such as buildings, motor vehicles, plant and machinery, hydro-electric construction, roading, and improvements to land. Land is excluded from gross fixed capital formation. Included is the value of construction work done by a firm's own employees. The term 'gross' indicates that consumption of fixed capital has not been deducted from the value of the outlays. | |
| Gross Operating Surplus | This is a residual item, being output at producer's values less the sum of intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, and indirect taxes net of subsidies. It is approximately equal to accounting profit before the deduction of depreciation, direct taxes, dividends, interest paid and bad debts, and before the addition of interest and dividends received. | |
| GST On Production | The transactions of registered producers are recorded excluding GST, while those of final consumers (including producers of exempt goods and services) are recorded at actual market prices. The potential imbalance between the value of goods and services produced and the value ultimately consumed is removed by including the item 'GST on production' in the GDP account. This item produces a measure of the amount of GST included in the valuation of the final demand categories. | |
| Imports Of Goods And Services | All goods and services produced by non-residents and purchased by New Zealand residents. | |
| Intermediate Consumption | The value of non-durable goods and services used in production. Valuation is at purchaser's values. | |
| Subsidies | Current unrequited payments made by governments to enterprises on the basis of the levels of their production activities or the quantities or values of the goods and services that they produce, sell or import. | |
| Taxes on Production and Imports | Taxes which are assessed on producers in respect of the production, sale, purchase and use of goods and services, and which add to the market prices of those goods and services. Includes sales tax, local authority rates, import and excise duties, fringe benefits tax, and also registration fees such as motor vehicle registration, which are paid by producers. | |
| Value Added | The value added to goods and services by the contributions of capital and labour (ie after the costs of bought-in materials and services have been deducted from the total value of output). | |
Contact Details
Liability
Statistics New Zealand gives no warranty that the information or data supplied contains no errors. However, all care and diligence has been used in processing, analysing and extracting the information. Statistics New Zealand shall not be liable for any loss or damage suffered by the customer consequent upon the use directly, or indirectly, of the information supplied in this product.
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