Statistical Standard for Iwi 2000 |
Definition| Rationale for Standard | Statistics on the size and demographic characteristics of Iwi affiliates are needed
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| Definition | The concept of Iwi has changed over time. The definition given in the 1989 discussion paper Towards a Standard Classification of Iwi (Maori tribes) was adopted for the purposes of developing this standard, viz. “The Iwi today is the focal economic and political unit of the traditional Mäori descent and kinship based hierarchy of: Waka (founding canoe) | Iwi (tribe) | Hapü (sub-tribe) | Whänau (family).” |
 | This standard is prepared for statistical purposes only. It is not meant to be read as a final list of Iwi. Statistics New Zealand will amend the list of Iwi from time to time. |
| Operational Issues | In deciding whether or not a tribal group will be classified as an Iwi consideration is given to:
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| Population size is not a major determinant in deciding whether to treat a group as a separate category in the classification of Iwi. Although regional variations in dialect have been noted among speakers of te reo Mäori, linguistic differentiation is not a criterion for defining classification categories. |
| Explanatory Notes | Recommendation 6 of the Report of the Review Committee on Ethnic Statistics (1988) states “… the Departments of Statistics [now Statistics New Zealand] and Mäori Affairs [now Te Puni Kökiri (Ministry of Mäori Development)] develop a standard classification of tribal affiliation …”. The classification has been entitled Iwi, rather than tribe, as more appropriate to the categories being classified. Affiliation is not included in the title. The classification is used for coding Iwi affiliation but it could also be used for other purposes, e.g. recording asset ownership by Iwi. In 1991, in accordance with the requirements of the Runanga Iwi Act 1990, Census of Population and Dwellings asked people of Mäori ancestry “What is the main iwi (tribe) you belong to?” and “What other iwi (tribes) do you have strong ties with?” Ranking Iwi into main and other is meaningless and, to many Mäori, offensive; such a hierarchical concept should be avoided when collecting information on people’s affiliation to Iwi. The Runanga Iwi Act was repealed in 1991. |
Classification and Coding Process| Classification Criteria | The Classification Criteria are as described above in the Operational Issues section. | |
| Classification | Iwi is a hierarchical classification with two levels. The first level represents Iwi region (rohe) and has nineteen categories. It is to be used for summary purposes only, and does not imply any future or present confederation of Iwi. The second level shows individual Iwi and has 128 categories. Eleven of the level 1 categories represent specific regions, while ninety-five of the level 2 categories represent specific Iwi. The remaining categories allow for respondents who:
The nineteen level 1 categories are as follows: 01 Te Tai Tokerau/Tämaki-makarau (Northland/Auckland) Region 02 Hauraki (Coromandel) Region 03 Waikato/Te Rohe Pötae (Waikato/King Country) Region 04 Te Arawa/Taupö (Rotorua/Taupö) Region 05 Tauranga Moana/Mätaatua (Bay of Plenty) Region 06 Te Tai Räwhiti (East Coast) Region 07 Te Matau-a-Mäui/Wairarapa (Hawkes Bay/Wairarapa) Region 08 Taranaki Region 09 Whanganui/Rangitïkei (Wanganui/Rangitïkei) Region 10 Manawatü/Horowhenua/Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Manawatü/Horowhenua/Wellington) Region 11 Te Waipounamu/Wharekauri (South Island/Chatham Islands) Regions 20 Iwi Not Named, but Waka or Iwi Confederation Known 21 Iwi Named but Region Unspecified 22 Hapü Affiliated to More Than One Iwi 44 Don't Know 55 Refused to Answer 77 Response Unidentifiable 88 Response Outside Scope 99 Not Stated The complete classification is listed in Appendix 1. The residual categories ‘Don't Know’, ‘Refused to Answer’, ‘Response Unidentifiable’, ‘Response Outside Scope’ and ‘Not Stated’ are defined under the heading ‘Glossary and References’. The classification is stored in the Classifications and Related Standards System (CARS) under the subject ‘Mäori’ and the topic ‘Iwi’. Link to Standard Classification
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| Coding Process | To date, most Iwi data has been collected via a written response. Respondents are also asked to give the Iwi region. Regional information is used when an Iwi name is common to more than one region and to assist with difficult to code responses. A codefile is used to code responses. A codefile is a comprehensive list of probable survey responses and the classification categories to which they are coded. Besides names of Iwi the codefile contains common spelling variations; older and traditional Iwi names; marae and meeting house names; ancestor names; hapü, waka and geographic landmarks which are specific to one Iwi; regional information to distinguish individual Iwi that share common names. The codefile is updated through CARS with responses that occur in departmental surveys. | |
| Multiple Responses | Where respondents are asked to name the Iwi they affiliate with multiple responses should be expected. When more than the maximum number of responses is given there is no hierarchy for determining which Iwi affiliations should be captured; answers should be captured in the order in which they are given. | |
| Waka or Iwi Confederation | If a respondent names a waka or an Iwi confederation, rather than an Iwi, choose from among the level 1 code 20 'Iwi Not Named, but Waka or Iwi Confederation Known' categories. | |
| Iwi Name Common to More than One Region | Although there are no legally defined Iwi geographic boundaries it is generally agreed that Iwi boundaries overlap. If a respondent names an Iwi which is common to more than one region, but the regional information they give is insufficient to confidently assign their affilliation to a particular Iwi, use one of the level 1 code 21 'Iwi Named but Region Unspecified' categories. If a respondent names an Iwi which is common to more than one region, but does not name the region, use one of the level 1 code 21 'Iwi Named but Region Unspecified' categories. | |
| Hapü Affiliated to More than One Iwi | If a respondent names a hapü, the name of which is common to more than one Iwi, code to 2200 'Hapü Affiliated to More Than One Iwi'. |
Questionnaire Module| Requirements | Data on Iwi affiliation is best collected through a self-completion questionnaire or in a face-to-face interview. Unless interviewers are fluent speakers in te reo Mäori collecting information by telephone is likely to be difficult. Nineteen percent of respondents to the 1996 Census of Population and Dwellings Iwi question stated that they did not know the name of their Iwi so providing a tick box for this option will speed processing. As some Iwi names are common to more than one region, to enable the correct Iwi code to be assigned, information must be sought on both the Iwi and the region where the Iwi is tangata whenua. Sufficient room must be provided on the questionnaire for respondents to be able to supply both the Iwi name and the region. |
| Example | The questionnaire module below is an example of a questionnaire module that meets the requirements documented in this standard. Other questionnaire modules may vary in format but should conform to the requirements contained in this standard. |
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Output| Standard Output | The standard output classification is the same, two level, hierarchical classification as the input classification. The complete classification is in Appendix 1 (beginning page 13). Level 1 of the Classification is below. |
| New Zealand Standard Classification of Iwi (Level 1)
Te Tai Tokerau/Tämaki-makarau (Northland/Auckland) Region |
| Residual Categories
The residual categories may be output separately or combined. Where a combination item of residuals is to be used in output, this item should be labeled ‘Not Elsewhere Included’ and should have a footnote indicating its composition. |
| CARS
The output classification is stored in the Classifications and Related Standards System (CARS) under the subject ‘Mäori’ and the topic ‘Iwi’. |
| Iwi Profiles
Iwi Profiles’ data are derived from the Census of Population and Dwellings. From the 1996 Census there were 38 profiles produced, one for each Iwi (or group of Iwi) with a population of at least 1,000. There are two types of profiles, full and part profiles. |
| Published Iwi profiles belong to the individual Iwi, not to Statistics New Zealand. As the production of a full or part profile depends upon the population counts at the time of the Census, and because changes to the Iwi classification will impact on the composition of the profiles, details of profiles by Iwi are not included in this standard. For information about the Iwi profiles please contact Social Policy division, Statistics New Zealand. |
Related Classifications and StandardsGlossary and ReferencesAppendix 1Appendix 1
| Classification | New Zealand Standard Classification of Iwi
01 Te Tai Tokerau/Tämaki-makaurau (Northland/Auckland) Region |
| 02 Hauraki (Coromandel) Region 0200 Hauraki (Coromandel) Region not further defined 0201 Ngäti Hako 0202 Ngäti Hei 0203 Ngäti Maru (Marutuahu) 0204 Ngäti Paoa 0205 Patukirikiri 0206 Ngäti Porou ki Harataunga ki Mataora 0207 Ngäti Pükenga ki Waiau 0208 Ngäti Rähiri Tumutumu 0209 Ngäti Tai 0210 Ngäti Tamaterä 0211 Ngäti Tara Tokanui 0212 Ngäti Whanaunga |
| 03 Waikato/Te Rohe Pötae (Waikato/King Country) Region 0300 Waikato/Te Rohe Pötae (Waikato/King Country) Region not further defined 0301 Ngäti Haua (Waikato) 0302 Ngäti Maniapoto 0303 Ngäti Raukawa (Waikato) 0304 Waikato |
| 04 Te Arawa/Taupö (Rotorua/Taupö) Region 0400 Te Arawa/Taupö (Rotorua/Taupö) Region not further defined 0401 Ngäti Pikiao (Te Arawa) 0402 Ngäti Rangiteaorere (Te Arawa) 0403 Ngäti Rangitihi (Te Arawa) 0404 Ngäti Rangiwewehi (Te Arawa) 0405 Tapuika (Te Arawa) 0406 Taräwhai (Te Arawa) 0407 Tühourangi (Te Arawa) 0408 Uenuku-Köpako (Te Arawa) 0409 Waitaha (Te Arawa) 0410 Ngäti Whakaue (Te Arawa) 0411 Ngäti Tüwharetoa 0412 Ngäti Tahu (Te Arawa) |
| 05 Tauranga Moana/Mätaatua (Bay of Plenty) Regio 0500 Tauranga Moana/Mätaatua (Bay of Plenty) Region not further defined 0501 Ngäti Pükenga 0502 Ngäiterangi 0503 Ngäti Ranginui 0504 Ngäti Awa 0505 Ngäti Manawa 0506 Ngäi Tai 0507 Tühoe 0508 Whakatöhea 0509 Whänau-A-Apanui 0510 Ngäti Whare |
| 06 Te Tai Räwhiti (East Coast) Region 0600 Te Tai Rawhiti (East Coast) Region not further defined 0601 Ngäti Porou 0602 Te Aitanga-A-Mähaki 0603 Rongowhakaata 0604 Ngäi Tämanuhiri |
| 07 Te Matau-a-Mäui/Wairarapa (Hawkes Bay/Wairarapa) Region 0700 Te Matau-a-Mäui/Wairarapa (Hawkes Bay/Wairarapa) Region not further defined 0701 Rongomaiwahine (Te Mähia) 0702 Ngäti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa 0703 Ngäti Kahungunu ki Heretaunga 0704 Ngäti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa 0705 Ngäti Kahungunu, region unspecified 0706 Rangitäne (Te Matau-a-Mäui/Hawkes Bay/Wairarapa) 0707 Ngäti Kahungunu ki Whanganui a Orotu 0708 Ngäti Kahungunu ki Tamatea 0709 Ngäti Kahungunu ki Tamakinui a Rua |
| 08 Taranaki (Taranaki) Region 0800 Taranaki (Taranaki) Region not further defined 0801 Te Atiawa (Taranaki) 0802 Ngäti Maru (Taranaki) 0803 Ngäti Mutunga (Taranaki) 0804 Ngä Rauru 0805 Ngä Ruahine 0806 Ngäti Ruanui 0807 Ngäti Tama (Taranaki) 0808 Taranaki 0809 Tangähoe 0810 Pakakohi |
| 09 Whanganui/Rangitïkei (Wanganui/Rangitïkei) Region 0900 Whanganui/Rangitïkei (Wanganui/Rangitïkei) Region not further defined 0901 Ngäti Apa (Rangitïkei) 0902 Te Ati Hau Nui-A-Päpärangi 0903 Ngäti Haua (Taumarunui) 0904 Ngäti Hauiti |
| 10 Manawatü/Horowhenua/Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Manawatü/Horowhenua/Wellington) Region 1000 Manawatü/Horowhenua/Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Manawatü/Horowhenua/Wellington) Region not further defined 1001 Te Atiawa (Te Whanganui-a-Tara /Wellington) 1002 Muaüpoko 1003 Rangitäne (Manawatü) 1004 Ngäti Raukawa (Horowhenua/Manawatü) 1005 Ngäti Toarangatira (Te Whanganui-a-Tara /Wellington) 1006 Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai |
| 11 Te Waipounamu/Wharekauri (South Island/Chatham Islands) Region 1100 Te Waipounamu/Wharekauri (South Island/Chatham Islands) Region not further defined 1101 Te Atiawa (Te Waipounamu/South Island) 1102 Ngäti Koata 1103 Ngäti Kuia 1104 Käti Mamoe 1105 Moriori 1106 Ngäti Mutunga (Wharekauri/Chatham Islands) 1107 Rangitäne (Te Waipounamu/South Island) 1108 Ngäti Rärua 1109 Ngäi Tahu / Käi Tahu 1110 Ngäti Tama (Te Waipounamu/South Island) 1111 Ngäti Toarangatira (Te Waipounamu/South Island) 1112 Waitaha (Te Waipounamu/South Island) 1113 Ngäti Apa ki te Waipounamu |
| 20 Iwi Not Named, but Waka or Iwi Confederation Known 2001 Tainui 2002 Te Arawa 2003 Takitimu 2004 Aotea 2005 Mätaatua 2006 Mahuru 2007 Mämari 2008 Ngätokimatawhaorua 2009 Nukutere 2010 Tokomaru 2011 Kurahaupo 2012 Muriwhenua 2013 Hauraki / Pare Hauraki 2014 Turanganui a Kiwa 2015 Te Tauihu o Te Waka a Mäui 2016 Tauranga Moana 2017 Horouta |
| 21 Iwi Named but Region Unspecified 2101 Te Atiawa, region unspecified 2102 Ngäti Haua, region unspecified 2103 Ngäti Maru, region unspecified 2104 Ngäti Mutunga, region unspecified 2105 Rangitäne, region unspecified 2106 Ngäti Raukawa, region unspecified 2107 Ngäti Tama, region unspecified 2108 Ngäti Toarangatira, region unspecified 2109 Waitaha, region unspecified 2110 Ngäti Apa, region unspecified |
| 22 Hapü Affiliated to More Than One Iwi 2200 Hapü Affiliated to More Than One Iwi |
| 44 Don't Know 4444 Don't Know |
| 55 Refused to Answer 5555 Refused to Answer |
| 77 Response Unidentifiable 7777 Response Unidentifiable |
| 88 Response Outside Scope 8888 Response Outside Scope |
| 99 Not Stated 9999 Not Stated |
Retention: